1.Oil firms have until now quietly opposed Scottish independence, fearing it would cause upheaval and high taxes.
直到现在，石油公司一直秘密地反对苏格兰独立，担心苏格兰的独立会导致动乱和高税收。
2.I have promised staff that I will continue ongoing reforms at WHO, but will not introduce changes that cause upheaval.
我向职工们承诺我将继续世卫组织目前正在进行的改革，但是不会进行产生急剧变化的改革。